In a world where diffusers, scented candles and essential oils have taken centre stage, it’s easy to forget the timeless allure of one of history’s oldest forms of aromatherapy: the pomander. 

These aromatic balls of flowers, herbs, and spices date back centuries, with roots that crisscross continents and cultures. From symbolizing wealth to warding off disease, pomanders have held an honoured place in many societies.

Floral pomanders make beautiful, fragrant additions to holiday decor, adding a touch of nature, tradition, and lovely scents to any festive space. Here we take a look at their history, symbolism, ways to use them in your holiday décor, and provide a step-by-step guide for making your own.

History of the Pomander

The term “pomander” stems from the French pomme d’ambre, which translates to “apple of ambergris.” Ambergris, a rare and waxy substance produced by sperm whales, was highly prized for its musky aroma and was a key ingredient in early pomanders. These early forms of pomanders were often encased in ornate, perforated metal containers that individuals carried with them or wore around the neck. Over time, these “scent balls” evolved into symbols of wealth, especially in medieval Europe, where nobles and royalty wore pomanders both as a statement piece and as a barrier against the plague.

In Europe, particularly during the Renaissance, pomanders took on a more intricate role. Elaborate, apple-sized pomanders would be crafted with sections or compartments for different fragrant substances, allowing the wearer to choose and combine scents. Meanwhile, in the Middle East, spices and perfumes were highly valued in similar ways, where pomanders often incorporated ingredients like rose petals, cloves, and cinnamon. The influence of the Ottoman Empire spread these fragrant orbs further east, merging traditions across cultures.

Pomanders were seen as a way to purify one’s personal space. In a way, they were an early form of aromatherapy—offering a psychological sense of comfort and protection.

Floral Pomanders Around The World

Throughout history and across cultures, various flowers have been incorporated into pomanders for their scent, symbolism, and preservation properties. Here are some examples of flowers traditionally used in pomanders across different regions:

‍

Roses (Europe and the Middle East)

Symbolism: Love, beauty, and passion.

Roses, especially in their dried form, have been used in European and Middle Eastern pomanders for centuries. In the Middle East, dried rose petals and rose water were common additions to scent pouches and pomanders. Renaissance European pomanders often included dried rose petals and rose oil to add a luxurious and romantic note.

Lavender (France and England)

Symbolism: Peace, relaxation, and purity.

Lavender flowers, known for their soothing and long-lasting scent, were often included in pomanders and sachets in France and England. This hardy flower also helped to repel insects, which made it a practical addition. English herbalists would use dried lavender flowers alongside spices and citrus to create soothing, calming pomanders.

Carnations (Worldwide)

Symbolism: Fascination, distinction, and love.

Carnations, with their slightly spicy, clove-like scent, are an excellent addition to pomanders for both fragrance and preservation. The flower’s durable petals are ideal for drying, and their wide availability has made them a go-to choice in many cultures. In Mexico and parts of Latin America, carnations are used alongside cloves and citrus for holiday pomanders and festive decorations.

Jasmine (South Asia and the Middle East)

Symbolism: Love, purity, and sensuality

Jasmine’s intense floral fragrance has made it popular in South Asian and Middle Eastern aromatics. While jasmine flowers are delicate, they can be dried and combined with spices in small sachets or perfume containers. In India, jasmine is woven into garlands and sometimes included in pomander-like sachets for personal fragrance.

Marigolds (Mexico and India)

Symbolism: Protection, warmth, and celebration.

 Known for their bright colour and earthy scent, marigolds are a significant part of cultural celebrations in Mexico and India. Though they’re not typically included in traditional European pomanders, dried marigold petals are used in pomander-like crafts for holiday festivals. 

Orange Blossoms (Spain and North Africa)

Symbolism: Fertility, happiness, and purity.

Orange blossoms are sweetly scented flowers often incorporated into pomanders in Spain and North Africa. These fragrant flowers are sometimes combined with cloves and citrus to form pomanders or sachets with both floral and fruity notes. In Spain, pomanders made with orange blossoms and dried herbs are hung in homes for a fresh, uplifting aroma.

Chamomile (Central and Eastern Europe)

Symbolism: Calm, healing, and protection.

Chamomile is a gentle flower with a calming scent and has been used in Europe for both medicinal and aromatic purposes. Dried chamomile flowers are sometimes added to pomanders or small sachets for a soothing, herbal scent. Eastern European traditions sometimes incorporate chamomile flowers into herbal pouches or pomanders for restful sleep.

‍

Pomanders as Holiday Décor

As Mistletoe

Pomanders are sometimes known as “kissing balls,” which is why they are so popular at weddings. Hang one in a doorway with a few springs of mistletoe tucked in as a fun party décor.

Ornaments on Christmas Trees

Small pomanders made with citrus (like oranges or lemons), cloves, and dried flowers such as carnations, roses, or lavender can be hung directly on the tree. They not only add a rustic, natural charm but also fill the room with a seasonal, spicy aroma. Attach a decorative ribbon or twine to the pomander, creating a loop to hang it securely on branches.

Garlands and Swags

Pomanders strung together can create a fragrant holiday garland (a huge decorating trend for 2024), perfect for hanging over a fireplace mantel, doorway, or along a staircase railing. Use sturdy string lights or wire and incorporate greenery like pine, cedar, or eucalyptus along the garland for extra holiday spirit.

Centrepieces for Dining and Coffee Tables

Floral pomanders make beautiful additions to holiday centerpieces. Combine them with candles, sprigs of evergreen, pinecones, and berries in a decorative bowl or tray. This arrangement works well as a focal point on dining tables, coffee tables, or sideboards.

As Place Settings or Party Favours

Smaller pomanders can be placed at each place setting on a holiday table as a fragrant, decorative touch and a gift for guests to take home. You can add small tags with each guest’s name to double as place cards. Adding small dried flowers like chamomile or rose petals around the base enhances their look and fragrance.

Hanging from Windows or Doorways

 Suspend pomanders from window latches or place them on window sills, where they can add beauty and scent without taking up much space. You can also hang them in clusters or pairs on door handles or knobs throughout your home. Hang pomanders with bright ribbons that match the holiday colours in your decor. For extra impact, mix in sprigs of holly, mistletoe, or other holiday greens.

Gift Wrapping Decorations

 Attach small pomanders to wrapped holiday gifts for an extra-special touch. They add a natural, personal feel and provide a long-lasting scent that the recipient can enjoy even after opening the gift. Secure the pomander with twine or a ribbon and add a small sprig of evergreen or a dried flower for added elegance.

Making Your Own Carnation Pomander: A Step-by-Step Guide

Ready to bring this fragrant tradition into your own home? While traditional pomanders were complex and layered, modern DIY versions are wonderfully accessible and fun to make. Here’s a guide to creating your own:

Materials You’ll Need

Base: Craft stores sell oasis spheres in various sizes for just a few dollars. Consider using a pack of small, medium and large balls for interest.

Flowers: Fresh carnations, which are sturdy and have a spicy fragrance reminiscent of cloves, add a delightful floral note. Carnations symbolize fascination and love in floral language, enhancing the pomander’s charm. Roses, though more expensive, also work well.

Decorative elements: Ribbons, string, or lace for hanging or displaying, or small urns to place the pomander on.

Glue: For the ribbon, if you plan on hanging your pomander.

Toothpick or small skewer: To help poke holes for the flowers.

‍

Instructions:

1. Submerge your oasis balls in water for at least 10 minutes to keep the flowers fresh longer.

2. Trim flowers to 2-inches and insert them into the oasis ball,  punching holes with a small skewer as you go, completely covering the surface.   

3. If you plan on hanging your pomander, glue a loop of ribbon tied in a bow to the top.

4. Display and Enjoy: Enjoy your fresh pomander for 2 weeks, plucking off any petals that wilt. 

5. Once it has dried, you can continue to display it, then carefully store it to use it for festive seasons to come.